代词
代词通常起名词或形容词的作用。代词的种类比较多。人称代词,如I,he,they; 物主代词,如my,his,theirs;指示代词,如this,those,so;反身代词,如myself,yourself,themselves;相互代词,如each other ,one another;疑问代词,如which,what,whose;关系代词,如who,whose,as,that;不定代词,如all,both,something等。
一些代词的区别
1、同词不同类:who,whom,whose,what,which这些词既属于疑问代词类又属关系代词类。当他们作疑问代词时,它们引导的是特殊疑问句,通常在句首,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、或定语。但当它们作关系代词时,它们引导的是从句,在从句作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
例如:Who won the first price?
谁赢了第一?(疑问代词,主语)
Whom did you choose to work with?
你选谁跟你一起工作?(疑问代词,宾语)
What is your problem?
你的问题是什么?(疑问代词,表语)
Which paper do you prefer?
你喜欢哪篇文章?(疑问代词,定语)
The man who sits there reading is Pam’s boyfriend.
坐在那儿看书的人是Pam的男朋友。(关系代词,主语)
I lost the book which you just sent me.
我把你刚刚寄给我的书给丢了。(关系代词,宾语)
She is thinking of what the salary is for that job.
她考虑的是这份工作的工资。(关系代词,表语)
He likes to make a friend with the man whose hobby is sport.
他喜欢跟爱好运动的人交朋友。
2、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的区别:
(1)拼写不同。见下面的对比:
名词性物主代词:mine ours yours his/hers/its theirs
形容词性物主代词:my our your his/her/its their
(2) 用法不同。名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、宾语和表语,而形容词性物主代词只能做定语。
例如:Could you give us a speech next month? Yours is always full of humor.
您能给我们做个演讲吗? 您的演讲总是很幽默。(yours 是名词性物主代词,主语)
I just got my student ID , but they haven’t got theirs.
我刚刚拿到我的学生卡,可他们还没拿到(他们的学生卡)。(my是形容词性物主代词,定语;theirs是名词性物主代词,宾语)
—— Whose book is this?
—— It’s mine.
这是谁的书?是我的(书)。(mine 是名词性物主代词,表语)
Her paper is about the writer’s life background.
她的文章是关于作者的生活背景的。(her是形容词性物主代词,定语)
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