b. 转化法 b. 转化法: 一个单词字母不加减但一词多性及多意。常见规则有: n.----v. 在英语单词中极为普遍,如book(n. 书)----(v.预定) v.---n. rest(have a rest) visit(pay a visit) break(take a break) adj.---v. slow(slow down) c. 派生法: 在一个单词前后加固定的字母组合使其词性或词义发生有规律的改变。 前缀: 词根加前缀多数不改变词性,只引起词义的变化,也有少数前缀例外,通常一个词根只能加一个前缀。 l 反意常见的前缀: un-,dis-,in-(im-,il-,ir-是in-的变体,用于首字母是m,p,l,r的单词),de- 等, 有一个特殊的后缀-less也可以表示反意。 l 表示其它意义常见的前缀: bi- 双;mid-中; mini-小;multi-多;non-非,不;pre-\fore-先,前;post-后;re-再;sub- 下,次。 后缀 后缀: 词根加后缀多数不改变词义,只引起词性的变化,也有少数后缀例外,一个词根可以加多个后缀。 l 后缀词性转换规则表 l 后缀词性转换规则公式 n.+al=adj. nation---national tradition--traditional v.+al=n. arrive---arrival survive--survival n.+ly=adj. friend---friendly month--monthly adj.+ly=adv. kind---kindly careful--carefully en- +n.=v. danger--endanger title--entitle en- +adj.=v. large--enlarge rich--enrich n. + -en=adj. gold--olden wood--wooden adj. +-en=v. short--shorten sharp--sharpen B.练习解析(教材P107-108) 1.把下列动词变名词,并译成汉语: A. teach----teacher work---worker wait ---waiter(waitress) fight---fighter speak---speaker win---winner play---player build---builder drive---driver dance---dancer lead---leader murder---murderer think---thinker write---writer B. state---station liberate---liberation relate---relation prepare---preparation discuss---discussion direct---direction act---actor---(actress)---action---activity operate---operation---operator invent---invention---inventor imagine---imagination 2. 把下列单词变成形容词,并译成汉语: A. care---careful---careless help---helped---helpful---helpless use---used---useful---useless thank---thankful success---successful power---powerful B. sun---sunny cloud---cloudy rain---rainy wind---windy dirt---dirty luck---lucky health---healthy C. fright<, u="">en---frightening---frightened wound---wounded worry---worried unite---united please---pleased disappoint---disappointing--- disappointed surprise--- surprising--- surprised prepare---prepared 3. 把下列形容词变成副词,并译成汉语: quick—quickly quiet---quietly careful---carefully bad---badly slow---slowly wide---widely sad---sadly wonderful---wonderfully recent---recently firm---firmly complete---completely deep---deeply angry---angrily easy---easily true---truly fair---fairly direct---directly great---greatly actual---actually exact---exactly perfect---perfectly slight---slightly certain---certainly gentle---gently shy---shyly near---nearly
本文标签:深圳成考英语【深圳成考】高起点复习资料英语--后缀
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